This is so the pilot can monitor the engine operation and ensure that it stays in the optimal operating range. The FARs require a Temperature Gauge for each liquid-cooled engine. For this reason, an altimeter has an adjustment device that the pilot can use to calibrate it to the current conditions. The Altimeter measures the altitude of the aircraft by comparing the measured pressure to the pressure on the ground.ĭepending on the aircraft’s location and weather conditions, the atmospheric pressure on the ground can change dramatically. AltimeterĪs your altitude increases, the barometric pressure gets lower. The pilot uses the manifold pressure gauge, in addition to the tachometer to set power settings and to monitor the engine to ensure that it’s developing sufficient power. Despite the name referring to pressure, it actually measures suction (or the pressure differential). The Manifold Pressure Gauge measures the differential between the outside air and the air inside the engine. As a result, if the pilot notices abnormal oil temperatures, it can be an indicator of a mechanical issue. The engine must maintain the oil temperature in a specific range in order to ensure safe, reliable operation. The regulations require an Oil Temperature Gauge for each engine as well. He/she also uses it to monitor the engine to ensure that it’s operating properly. The pilot uses the tachometer to set the appropriate power setting for the phase of flight. The FAA requires a tachometer for each engine. The Tachometer measures the engine speed in rotations per minute (RPM). It measures the pressure differential between the pitot tube and static port, then translates that into a speed indication that’s easier for pilots to use. (To understand what the color-coded markings are for, read What Are V Speeds? )įun Fact: The ASI technically does not measure airspeed. In addition to displaying the airspeed in knots or miles per hour, the ASI has color-coded markings that help the pilot maintain the proper airspeed to operate the aircraft safely. The Airspeed Indicator (ASI) is one of the most critical instruments in an airplane. What Do These Instruments / Devices Do?įor more information about what each does and why it’s important, keep reading. This is so the pilot can communicate with and get the appropriate clearances from Air Traffic Control (ATC). If so, then the FAA requires him/her to have an appropriate radio in the airplane. VFR flight does not require a radio unless the pilot is operating in controlled airspace. S – Source of Power Is a working radio required?Īctually, no. To remember the required instruments For VFR flight at night, use: FLAPSį – Fuses (A spare set, or three of each kind required)Ī – Anti Collision Lights (already noted above) In addition to these instruments, there are a few more requirements for night operations. L – Landing Gear Position Indicator (If applicable)Ī – Anti Collision Lights (For small aircraft certified after March 11, 1996) M – Manifold Pressure Gauge (If applicable)
For daytime Visual Flight Rules (VFR) you can remember the minimum required instruments for VFR flight with this simple mnemonic device: A TOMATO FLAMES Pilots often use tricks to remember important details, especially when it’s a long list of items that they need to know. For night flights, there are also a few additional requirements. Instruments required for a flight during the day is the first component. There are two components to the list of minimum equipment and instruments that must be working for VFR flight. FAR Part 91, Section 205 ( FAR 91.205) details the minimum required instruments for VFR flight.
These are commonly referred to as the FARs. The FAA publishes the rules and regulations in the Federal Aviation Regulations. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration governs both civil and commercial aviation.